This new volume presents a range of techniques aimed to enhance the operation of human resource management by applying state-of-the-art artificial intelligence technology. With illustrative case studies, the volume uses as examples from several types of problems and includes their possible solutions using advanced AI technology. The volume explores the confluence of smart computing and traditional businesses to foster productivity, profitability, and prosperity and goes on to apply AI techniques in the recruitment process, with enterprise resource planning (ERP) management software, for manpower optimization systems in colleges, for creating uniformity in HRM across organizations, for creating conflicting strategy management techniques, and more. One pandemic-related chapter discusses the use of radio frequency (RF) based technology for monitoring social distance. Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Human Resource Management will help HRM professionals keep abreast of today’s smart technological solutions and will provide valuable information for academicians and researchers on the diverse application of AI in business and management.

Calcium Transport Elements in Plants discusses the role of calcium in plant development and stress signaling, the mechanism of Ca2+ homeostasis across plant membranes, and the evolution of Ca2+/cation antiporter (CaCA) superfamily proteins. Additional sections cover genome-wide analysis of Annexins and their roles in plants, the roles of calmodulin in abiotic stress responses, calcium transport in relation to plant nutrition/biofortification, and much more. Written by leading experts in the field, this title is an essential resource for students and researchers that need all of the information on calcium transport elements in one place. Calcium transport elements are involved in various structural, physiological and biochemical processes or signal transduction pathways in response to various abiotic and biotic stimuli. Development of high throughput sequencing technology has favored the identification and characterization of numerous gene families in plants in recent years, including the calcium transport elements.

Diseases of Fruits and Vegetable Crops: Recent Management Approaches covers certain basic aspects of knowledge on diagnostic symptoms, modes of perpetuation and dissemination of pathogens, favorable conditions for disease development, and the latest management strategies for disease prevention and mitigation in vegetable crops, fruit crops, and plantation crops. With chapters written by experts working on specific fruit and vegetables disease, the volume covers many vegetable and fruit crops, including pineapples, grapes, apples, guava, litchi, potatoes, peas, beans, ginger and turmeric, and many more. Each chapter reviews the specific diseases relevant to the crop and their management and includes recent research findings. The information presented here will be valuable for plant protection officers, district horticulture officers, and other government personnel in the directorates and agencies of agriculture, horticulture and plant protection, as well as plant protection experts, vegetable specialists, and others.

The growth of human population has increased the demand for improved yield and quality of crops and horticultural plants. However, plant productivity continues to be threatened by stresses such as heat, cold, drought, heavy metals, UV radiations, bacterial and fungal pathogens, and insect pests. Long noncoding RNAs are associated with various developmental pathways, regulatory systems, abiotic and biotic stress responses and signaling, and can provide an alternative strategy for stress management in plants. Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants: Roles in development and stress provides the most recent advances in LncRNAs, including identification, characterization, and their potential applications and uses. Introductory chapters include the basic features and brief history of development of lncRNAs studies in plants. The book then provides the knowledge about the lncRNAs in various important agricultural and horticultural crops such as cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and fiber crop cotton, and their roles and applications in abiotic and biotic stress management.

Compiles current research on nanomaterials as well as their versatile applications in plant biotic stress management Describes role of nanomaterials as enzyme-mimicking nanoparticles, nano-pesticides, nano-fertilizers, and nanomaterials Reviews day-to-day problems related to crop plants, their diagnostics and stress management Explores trends in nanomaterials utility towards diagnostics, enzyme-mimicking, crop protection and their possible role in plant disease management Includes pertinent nanomaterials including synthetic strategies, properties, chemistry, and applications

This reference text covers a wide spectrum for designing robust embedded memory and peripheral circuitry. It will serve as a useful text for senior undergraduate, graduate students and professionals in areas including electronics and communications engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and aerospace engineering. Discusses low power design methodologies for SRAM. Covers radiation hardened SRAM design for aerospace applications. Focusses on various reliability issues which are faced by sub-micron technologies. Exhibits more stable memory topologies. Nanoscale technologies unveiled significant challenges to the design of energy efficient and reliable SRAMs. This reference text investigates the impact of process variation, leakage, aging, soft errors and related reliability issues in embedded memory and periphery circuitry. The text adopts a unique way to explain SRAM bitcell, array design and analysis of its design parameters to meet the sub-nano-regime challenges for CMOS devices. It comprehensively covers low power design methodologies for SRAM, exhibits more stable memory topologies, and radiation hardened SRAM design for aerospace applications. Every chapter includes glossary, highlights, question bank, and problems. The text will serve as a useful text for senior undergraduate, graduate students and professionals in areas including electronics and communications engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and aerospace engineering. Discussing compressively study of variability induced failure mechanism in sense amplifiers and power, delay and read yield trade-offs, this reference text will serve as a useful text for senior undergraduate, graduate students and professionals in areas including electronics and communications engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and aerospace engineering. It covers development of robust SRAMs, well suited for low-power multi-core processors for wireless sensors node, battery-operated portable devices, personal healthcare assistants and smart IoT applications.

1. This book assesses different sectors in the world economy with particular emphasis on the Indian economy and highlights the achievement and prevailing problems in the sectors. 2. It focuses specially on industries, investment and trade; finance and credit; and employment, gender and development. 3. It will be of interest to departments of Economics, Business, and Gender Studies across the UK and USA.

Poor women have become essential cogs in the wheel of financialized capitalism. Globally, it is most often women who manage household debt to make ends meet, and that debt has exploded over the last decade, reaching an all-time high after the COVID-19 pandemic. Across various categories of loans, including subprime lending, microcredit policies, and consumer loans, as well as rent and utilities, women are overrepresented as clients and managers, and are being enfolded into the system. The Indebted Woman discusses the crucial yet invisible roles poor women play in making and consolidating debt and credit markets. Isabelle Guérin, Santosh Kumar, and G. Venkatasubramanian spent over two decades observing a credit market that specifically targets women in the Indian countryside of east-central Tamil Nadu. They found that paying off debts required labor, frequently involved sexual transactions, and shaped women's bodies and subjectivities. Bringing together ethnography, statistical surveys, and financial diaries, they offer for the first time a comprehensive theory for this sexual division of debt that goes far beyond the Indian case, exposing the ways capitalism transforms womanhood, and how this transformation in turn fuels capitalism.

This book helps to enhance the application of fuzzy logic optimization in the areas of science and engineering. It includes implementation and models and paradigms, such as path planning and routing design for different wireless networks, organization behavior strategies models, and so forth. It also: Explains inventory control management, uncertainties management, loss minimization, game optimization, data analysis and prediction, different decision-making system and management, and so forth Describes applicability of fuzzy optimization techniques in areas of science and management Resolves several issues based on uncertainty using member function Helps map different problems based on mathematical models Includes issues and problems based on linear and nonlinear optimizations Focuses on management science such as manpower management and inventory planning This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in signal processing, power systems, systems and industrial engineering, and computer networks.

Selected papers from the International Conference on New Computational Social Science, focusing on the following five aspects: Big data acquisition and analysis, Integration of qualitative research and quantitative research, Sociological Internet experiment research, Application of ABM simulation method in Sociology Research, Research and development of new social computing tools. With the rapid development of information technology, especially sweeping progress in the Internet of things, cloud computing, social networks, social media and big data, social computing, as a data-intensive science, is an emerging field that leverages the capacity to collect and analyze data with an unprecedented breadth, depth and scale. It represents a new computing paradigm and an interdisciplinary field of research and application. A broad comprehension of major topics involved in social computing is important for both scholars and practitioners. This proceedings presents and discusses key concepts and analyzes the state-of-the-art of the field. The conference not only gave insights on social computing, but also affords conduit for future research in the field. Social computing has two distinct trends: One is on the social science issues, such as computational social science, computational sociology, social network analysis, etc; The other is on the use of computational techniques. Finally some new challenges ahead are summarized, including interdisciplinary cooperation and training, big data sharing for scientific data mashups, and privacy protect.

2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors offers comprehensive coverage of recent design and development (including processing and fabrication) of 2D materials in the context of plasmonic-based devices. It provides a thorough overview of the basic principles and techniques used in the analysis and design of 2D material-based optical sensor systems. Beginning with the basic concepts of plasmon/plasmonic sensors and mathematical modelling, the authors explain the fundamental properties of 2D materials, including Black Phosphorus (BP), Phosphorene, Graphene, Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MXene's and SW-CNT. It also details the applications of these emerging materials in clinical diagnosis and their future trends. This text will be useful for practising engineers, undergraduate and postgraduate students. Key Features Presents the fundamental concepts of 2D material assisted fibre optic and prism based SPR sensor in a student-friendly manner. Includes the recent synthesis and characterization techniques of 2D materials. Provides computational results of recently discovered electronic and optical properties of the 2D materials along with their effectiveness in the field of plasmonic sensors. Presents emerging applications of novel 2D material-based plasmonic sensors in the field of chemical, bio-chemical and biosensing.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Climate change will severely impact the world's food supply unless steps are taken to increase crop resilience. Otherwise, the negative effects on both the yield and the quality of crop plants are predicted to be immense. Plant genomics is a potentially powerful defense against this looming threat. This compendium volume offers a global perspective on the topic, with contributions from 42 eminent researchers from 12 nations around the world. The editor is a respected and published scientist in the bioinformatics field, who has chosen articles in the following topics: An overview of the genetic challenges presented by climate change A genomic toolkit for crop-related research Specific methods of improvement for specific crop by means of genomic applications The hand-picked up-to-date research makes this volume an excellent reference not only for university-level academics, but also for policymakers and stakeholders who must tackle the challenge of the world's food security.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Advances in information technology and next generation sequencing have propelled the use of bioinformatics in agriculture, especially in the area of crop improvement. An extremely large amount of genomics data is available from plants and animals due to tremendous improvements in the field. This book acquaints readers with state-of-the-art sequencing technologies, recent developments in computing algorithms, and certain biological perspectives that influence development of bioinformatics tools by giving specific examples from model plant species. The challenge is now to make sense and use of this wealth of data.

This book focuses on a specialized branch of the vast domain of software engineering: component-based software engineering (CBSE). Component-Based Software Engineering: Methods and Metrics enhances the basic understanding of components by defining categories, characteristics, repository, interaction, complexity, and composition. It divides the research domain of CBSE into three major sub-domains: (1) reusability issues, (2) interaction and integration issues, and (3) testing and reliability issues. This book covers the state-of-the-art literature survey of at least 20 years in the domain of reusability, interaction and integration complexities, and testing and reliability issues of component-based software engineering. The aim of this book is not only to review and analyze the previous works conducted by eminent researchers, academicians, and organizations in the context of CBSE, but also suggests innovative, efficient, and better solutions. A rigorous and critical survey of traditional and advanced paradigms of software engineering is provided in the book. Features: In-interactions and Out-Interactions both are covered to assess the complexity. In the context of CBSE both white-box and black-box testing methods and their metrics are described. This work covers reliability estimation using reusability which is an innovative method. Case studies and real-life software examples are used to explore the problems and their solutions. Students, research scholars, software developers, and software designers or individuals interested in software engineering, especially in component-based software engineering, can refer to this book to understand the concepts from scratch. These measures and metrics can be used to estimate the software before the actual coding commences.

Gives a comprehensive view on the nanomaterials used in plasmonic optical fiber biosensors Includes synthesis, characterization, and usage for detection of different analytes Discusses trends in the design of wavelength-based optical fiber sensors Reviews micro- and nanostructured biosensing devices Explores application of plasmonic sensors in the biosensing field

This work is concerned with theoretical developments in the area of mathematical programming, development of new algorithms and software and their applications in science and industry. It aims to expose recent mathematical developments to a larger audience in science and industry.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Advances in information technology and next generation sequencing have propelled the use of bioinformatics in agriculture, especially in the area of crop improvement. An extremely large amount of genomics data is available from plants and animals due to tremendous improvements in the field. This book acquaints readers with state-of-the-art sequencing technologies, recent developments in computing algorithms, and certain biological perspectives that influence development of bioinformatics tools by giving specific examples from model plant species. The challenge is now to make sense and use of this wealth of data.

Selected papers from the International Conference on New Computational Social Science, focusing on the following five aspects: Big data acquisition and analysis, Integration of qualitative research and quantitative research, Sociological Internet experiment research, Application of ABM simulation method in Sociology Research, Research and development of new social computing tools. With the rapid development of information technology, especially sweeping progress in the Internet of things, cloud computing, social networks, social media and big data, social computing, as a data-intensive science, is an emerging field that leverages the capacity to collect and analyze data with an unprecedented breadth, depth and scale. It represents a new computing paradigm and an interdisciplinary field of research and application. A broad comprehension of major topics involved in social computing is important for both scholars and practitioners. This proceedings presents and discusses key concepts and analyzes the state-of-the-art of the field. The conference not only gave insights on social computing, but also affords conduit for future research in the field. Social computing has two distinct trends: One is on the social science issues, such as computational social science, computational sociology, social network analysis, etc; The other is on the use of computational techniques. Finally some new challenges ahead are summarized, including interdisciplinary cooperation and training, big data sharing for scientific data mashups, and privacy protect.

Poor women have become essential cogs in the wheel of financialized capitalism. Globally, it is most often women who manage household debt to make ends meet, and that debt has exploded over the last decade, reaching an all-time high after the COVID-19 pandemic. Across various categories of loans, including subprime lending, microcredit policies, and consumer loans, as well as rent and utilities, women are overrepresented as clients and managers, and are being enfolded into the system. The Indebted Woman discusses the crucial yet invisible roles poor women play in making and consolidating debt and credit markets. Isabelle Guérin, Santosh Kumar, and G. Venkatasubramanian spent over two decades observing a credit market that specifically targets women in the Indian countryside of east-central Tamil Nadu. They found that paying off debts required labor, frequently involved sexual transactions, and shaped women's bodies and subjectivities. Bringing together ethnography, statistical surveys, and financial diaries, they offer for the first time a comprehensive theory for this sexual division of debt that goes far beyond the Indian case, exposing the ways capitalism transforms womanhood, and how this transformation in turn fuels capitalism.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Climate change will severely impact the world's food supply unless steps are taken to increase crop resilience. Otherwise, the negative effects on both the yield and the quality of crop plants are predicted to be immense. Plant genomics is a potentially powerful defense against this looming threat. This compendium volume offers a global perspective on the topic, with contributions from 42 eminent researchers from 12 nations around the world. The editor is a respected and published scientist in the bioinformatics field, who has chosen articles in the following topics: An overview of the genetic challenges presented by climate change A genomic toolkit for crop-related research Specific methods of improvement for specific crop by means of genomic applications The hand-picked up-to-date research makes this volume an excellent reference not only for university-level academics, but also for policymakers and stakeholders who must tackle the challenge of the world's food security.

This important and comprehensive book is designed to provide information on crop diseases and how to manage those diseases. Covering a multitude of crops and diseases, the book presents integrated approaches on managing diseases that affect such crops as: Cereal and crop plants, such as maize, pigeon pea, chickpeas, and urd/mung beans Oil seed crops, such as groundnut, soybeans, and linseed Horticultural crops, such as citrus, onions, garlic, cucurbitaceae, Colocasia, roses, Stevia rebaudiana, betelvine, jute, and sunhemp The book thoroughly covers the symptoms, causes, disease cycles, and management approaches for many diseases that affect useful agricultural crops. Edited by two professors and researchers with years of experience in teaching on crop diseases, this book is suitable for students in agricultural sciences and helps to cover the recently modified course curricula in India that increases coverage of crop diseases. Crop Diseases and Their Management is also a handy reference for plant protection experts, vegetable specialists, horticultural officers, and extension workers.

Diseases of Fruits and Vegetable Crops: Recent Management Approaches covers certain basic aspects of knowledge on diagnostic symptoms, modes of perpetuation and dissemination of pathogens, favorable conditions for disease development, and the latest management strategies for disease prevention and mitigation in vegetable crops, fruit crops, and plantation crops. With chapters written by experts working on specific fruit and vegetables disease, the volume covers many vegetable and fruit crops, including pineapples, grapes, apples, guava, litchi, potatoes, peas, beans, ginger and turmeric, and many more. Each chapter reviews the specific diseases relevant to the crop and their management and includes recent research findings. The information presented here will be valuable for plant protection officers, district horticulture officers, and other government personnel in the directorates and agencies of agriculture, horticulture and plant protection, as well as plant protection experts, vegetable specialists, and others.

Sundarban Mangrove Wetland: A Comprehensive Global Treatise provides an illustrative account of the ecology, biology, conservation and management strategies of this endangered UNESCO World Heritage Site. The book offers a comprehensive and accessible guide to a variety of wetland ecosystems, including endangered flora and fauna, the ecology and diversity of pelagic and benthic biota, the impact of multiple stresses on the biota, inorganic and organic pollutants in biotic and abiotic matrices and their remedial measures, the impact of climate change on mangrove plants, and their conservation and management strategies. Divided into seven chapters, the book presents a realistic summary of the wetland environment and its resources, citing individual case studies considering a host of topics of particular interest. Analysis of this unique wetland provides crucial comparisons with other wetlands and their status, environmental challenges and possible remedial measures. Sundarban Mangrove Wetland is an in-depth and up-to-date account ideal for the student, teacher or researcher in marine biology & ecology, environmental science, marine geochemistry, marine pollution and ecotoxicology and wastewater treatment. Covering both fundamental and advanced aspects, the book is also useful for policy makers and those involved in coastal resource conservation and management.

This important and comprehensive book is designed to provide information on crop diseases and how to manage those diseases. Covering a multitude of crops and diseases, the book presents integrated approaches on managing diseases that affect such crops as: Cereal and crop plants, such as maize, pigeon pea, chickpeas, and urd/mung beans Oil seed crops, such as groundnut, soybeans, and linseed Horticultural crops, such as citrus, onions, garlic, cucurbitaceae, Colocasia, roses, Stevia rebaudiana, betelvine, jute, and sunhemp The book thoroughly covers the symptoms, causes, disease cycles, and management approaches for many diseases that affect useful agricultural crops. Edited by two professors and researchers with years of experience in teaching on crop diseases, this book is suitable for students in agricultural sciences and helps to cover the recently modified course curricula in India that increases coverage of crop diseases. Crop Diseases and Their Management is also a handy reference for plant protection experts, vegetable specialists, horticultural officers, and extension workers.

Consumers worldwide are becoming increasingly aware of the significant impacts of food quality, nutrition, and food habits on their health. Demands for fresh, minimally processed foods, foods subjected to less severe preservation and processing, and for foods with no synthetic chemical preservatives are expanding rapidly. Food businesses worldwide are innovating advanced processing and preservation technologies, including natural, bioactive preservatives to fulfill these emerging consumers' demands. Emerging Technologies in Food Preservation discusses the innovations and advancements in food processing and preservation that have emerged over the last two decades of the 21st century. Various experts in the field examine different innovative food processing and preservation technologies, including non-thermal and minimal processing technologies, particularly those that have least destructive impact on micronutrients. Key Features: Describes the hurdles and challenges in commercialization of these novel processing technologies, including their legal ramifications on food regulations and legislations. Provides detail accounts of application of each of the novel food preservation principles, as they are applied in commercial food processing / food manufacturing lines worldwide. Features a complete account on recent developments and advancements in food preservation and processing technologies, including natural and biopreservatives Mindful of the increasing interest in alternatives to traditional thermal processing of foods and beverages, this book is a valuable reference for students, scholars, researchers, scientists, food entrepreneurs, as well as technical professionals working in food industries and associated businesses.